(1) What have LTER observations told us about the climate sensitivity of ecosystem processes at different time scales?; (2) What have LTER experiments told us about the climate sensitivity of ecosystem processes at different time scales?; (3) What progress has been made in bringing LTER observations and experiments to bear on improving the ability to predict the response of ecosystems to scenarios of future climate change? (e.g., using process-based models); and (4) How do we improve observational and experimental studies to improve the ability to predict the responses of ecosystems to scenarios of future climate change?